呼吸系統-組織學和胚胎學

Respiratorysystem第一頁，共三十一頁。Respiratorysystem第二頁，共三十一頁。Nasalcavity,pharynx&larynx.Trachea&bronchi.Lung.第三頁，共三十一頁。一、trachea第四頁，共三十一頁。mucosasubmucosaadventitiatrachea(HE)Mixedgland第五頁，共三十一頁。EM:epitheliumoftrachea4.SmallgranuleC1.CiliatedC2.BrushC3.GobletC5.BasalC第六頁，共三十一頁。Thewalloftrachea1.Mucosa=epithelium+laminapropriapseudostratiatedciliatedcolumnar…

CiliatedC,gobletC,brushC,basalC,smallgranularC.2.Submucosa=CT+mixedglands3.Adventitia=16-20‘C’shapedhaylinecartilagerings.第七頁，共三十一頁。

atmosphere&alveolialveoli&blood(blood&tissue)Gasexchangebronchiolelunglung二、lung第八頁，共三十一頁。Lung

Lowpower第九頁，共三十一頁。lungparenchyma:bronchialtrees&alveoli.Principalbronchi(Br)—lobular、segmentalBr—smallerBr—bronchiole—terminalbronchiole—respiratorybronchiole—alveolarduct、alveolarsac—alveoli.Conductionportion:aboveterminalbronchioles.Respiratoryportion:respiratorybronchioletoalveoli.Pulmonarylobule:bronchioleandit’sramifications.第十頁，共三十一頁。Conductionportion－lobularBr&smallBrEpitheliumGobletCGlandsCartilageplateSMC第十一頁，共三十一頁。Conductionportion－bronchiole&terminalbrochioleSimpleciliatedcolumnar.GobletC〔－〕Gland〔－〕Cartilageplate〔－〕SMC第十二頁，共三十一頁。RulesofstructuralvarianceinconductingportionSmallBrbronchioleTerminalbronchioleEpiPseudostratifiedCiliatedcolumnarSimpleciliatedcolumnarSimplecolumnar**claracellGobletC

+++/--Mixedgland+++/--Cartilageplate+++/--SMC++++++第十三頁，共三十一頁。Respiratoryportion－RespiratorybronchioleThewallisinterruptedSimplecuboidalEpi,claraCSMC第十四頁，共三十一頁。Respiratoryportion－Alveolarduct&alveolarsacThewall,manyalveoliSMC**Simplecuboidal,squamousAlveolarductAlveolarsacNoSMC**第十五頁，共三十一頁。Respiratoryportion－alveolus肺泡管SimplealveolarEpi.第十六頁，共三十一頁。(1)

Respiratoryportion###constituents：respiratorybronchiole，alveolarduct，alveolarsac，alveolus。1.RespiratorybronchioleThewall,fewalveoliopeninto.SimplecuboidalEpi,SMC.第十七頁，共三十一頁。(2)

Respiratoryportion2.Alveolarduct&alveolarsacThewall,manyalveoliopeninto.KnobsinthewallofalveolarductKnobsissphincter-likeSMC.第十八頁，共三十一頁。(3)

Respiratoryportion3.alveolus:typeIalveolarCtypeIIalveolarCalveolarseptum.第十九頁，共三十一頁。TypeIIalveolarCmacrophageElasticfiber第二十頁，共三十一頁。typeIalveolarC第二十一頁，共三十一頁。TypeIIalveolarCOsmiophilicMultilamellarbodies第二十二頁，共三十一頁。blood-airbarrier第二十三頁，共三十一頁。AlveoliTypeIcellsquamous,coveredmostsurfaceofthealveoli.TypeIIcellLM:roundorcuboidal,cellbodyprotrudeintothelumen.EM:

osmiophilicmultilamellarbody,withabundantphospholipids.Functions:secretsurfactant,reducesurfacetension,stabilizealveoli.第二十四頁，共三十一頁。Alveolarseptum:continuousCap.,elasticfiber.macrophagedustC.@blood-airbarrierincludes:

1.mucuslayeronsurfaceofalveoli 2.typeIalveolarC 3.BMofalveolarC 4.delicatelayerofCT 5.continuousCap.BM 6.continuousCap.Endothelium.第二十五頁，共三十一頁。TerminalbronchioleRespiratorybronchioleAlveolarductAlveolarsac1234第二十六頁，共三十一頁。RulesofstructuralvarianceinrespiratoryportionwallEpi.SMCRespiratorybronchioleNotintegratedAlveoliopenSimplecolumanSimplecuboidalthinAlveolarductManyalveoliopenintoSimplecuboidalAfewAlveolarsacofalveoliAlveolarEpi.noalveolusIrregularvesicularAlveolarEpi.no第二十七頁，共三十一頁。AlveolarepithelialcellshapecytoplasmfunctionsTypeIsquamousPhagocytoticvesicleCovered95%ofthesurfaceofalveolitobenefitgasexchange.TypeIIroundcuboidalOsmiophilicmultilamellarbodySecretsurfactanttoreducesurfacetensionandstabilizethealveoli.TypeI

cellcannotregenerate.TypeIIcellcandifferentiateintoTypeIcell.**第二十八頁，共三十一頁。key