建筑工程常見質量問題防治手冊

建筑工程常見質量問題防治手冊1目 錄一、地基與基礎工程.....................................................................................11.土方開挖..................................................................................................11.1

開挖過程中塌方、滑坡..................................................................11.2

基坑內(nèi)泡水......................................................................................21.3

地基橡皮土......................................................................................31.4

坑底流砂..........................................................................................41.5

坑底土回彈隆起..............................................................................51.6

圍護樁位移......................................................................................61.7

圍護縫隙漏水..................................................................................72.土方回填..................................................................................................82.1

彈簧土..............................................................................................82.2

回填土密實度不夠..........................................................................93.支護結構................................................................................................103.1

土層錨桿鉆孔偏差........................................................................103.2

錨桿孔內(nèi)漿液不飽滿....................................................................113.3

錨桿長度不足................................................................................133.4

支撐偏位........................................................................................133.5

支撐構件開裂................................................................................144.預制樁....................................................................................................154.1

樁身斷裂........................................................................................154.2

樁頂碎裂........................................................................................164.3

接樁松脫........................................................................................174.4

沉樁深度達不到設計要求............................................................184.5

沉樁樁位偏差過大........................................................................195.泥漿護壁灌注樁....................................................................................205.1

塌孔................................................................................................205.2

縮頸................................................................................................215.3

鉆孔傾斜........................................................................................225.4

孔底沉渣超標................................................................................235.5

鋼筋籠上浮....................................................................................245.6

導管堵塞........................................................................................256.旋挖成孔灌注樁....................................................................................266.1

卡鉆................................................................................................266.2

樁身縮頸........................................................................................276.3

樁頭不完整....................................................................................287.地下連續(xù)墻............................................................................................297.1

導墻破壞或變形、槽壁坍塌、槽段彎曲....................................297.2

鋼筋籠難以放入槽孔內(nèi)或上浮....................................................307.3

混凝土澆筑時導管進泥/卡管......................................................

317.4

接頭管拔不出................................................................................327.5

夾層................................................................................................337.6

泥漿質量控制不到位....................................................................347.7

兩墻合一接頭夾渣、滲水............................................................3528.水泥土擋墻、型鋼水泥土攪拌墻........................................................368.1

墻體強度不足................................................................................368.2

樁標高偏差、樁位偏差................................................................378.3

墻體縮頸........................................................................................388.4

墻體滲漏........................................................................................399.TRD

工法................................................................................................

409.1

型鋼接頭在同一斷面、插入時偏位、入土深度不夠................40

9.2

TRD

攪拌墻垂直度偏差過大..........................................................41

9.3

TRD

墻體拐角處搭接不連續(xù).........................................................

42

9.4

噴漿不正常....................................................................................43

9.5

施工冷縫........................................................................................44

10.格構柱..................................................................................................4511.拉森鋼板樁..........................................................................................4611.1

樁身鎖扣位置滲水......................................................................46

11.2

樁身偏位......................................................................................47

12.逆作法..................................................................................................4812.1

逆作區(qū)不均勻沉降......................................................................48

4.墊層厚度過薄。...................................................................................4812.3

墻柱接茬部位澆筑不密實..........................................................50

12.4

格構柱與冠梁交界處鋼筋過密..................................................51

12.5

預留鋼筋銹蝕、彎折、絲扣損傷..............................................52

12.6

預留鋼筋定位不準......................................................................5313.筏板與箱型基礎..................................................................................5413.1

筏板滲漏水..................................................................................5413.2

表面裂縫......................................................................................5513.3

內(nèi)部裂紋......................................................................................5713.4

施工冷縫......................................................................................5913.5

柱鋼筋偏位..................................................................................6014.條形基礎..............................................................................................6114.1

基槽開尺寸偏差大......................................................................6114.2

墊層澆筑厚度不足......................................................................6214.3

條形基礎鋼筋綁扎不符合要求..................................................6314.4

條形基礎模板尺寸偏差大、垂直度不足..................................6414.5

條形基礎混凝土露筋、蜂窩、麻面..........................................6515.獨立基礎..............................................................................................6615.1

基礎位置尺寸偏差......................................................................6615.2

地基不均勻沉降..........................................................................6716.降水工程..............................................................................................6816.1

井點真空度失常..........................................................................6816.2

水質渾濁......................................................................................6916.3

井斜..............................................................................................7016.4

井管上浮......................................................................................7116.5

地下水降水功能不滿足要求......................................................7216.6

井管破裂......................................................................................733.6

出屋面結構未設置防水凹槽........................................................918.1

埋入式止水鋼板轉角、搭接位置滲漏......................................109316.7

潛水泵出水不連續(xù)、出水量小或不出水..................................7416.8

基坑局部邊坡出現(xiàn)流沙堆積或滑裂..........................................7516.9

止水帷幕深度不足......................................................................7616.10

降水井封閉不規(guī)范....................................................................77第二章

防水工程.........................................................................................781.防水材料管控........................................................................................781.1

防水材料質量不合格....................................................................782.基層處理................................................................................................792.1

結構開裂未處理............................................................................792.2

管道、洞口封堵不到位................................................................802.3

基層含水率過高............................................................................812.4

未涂刷界面劑................................................................................822.5

未進行閉水試驗............................................................................832.6

基層未清理....................................................................................842.7

陰陽角未做圓角............................................................................853.熱熔法鋪貼卷材防水............................................................................863.1

卷材空鼓、空氣未排出................................................................863.2

卷材搭接不到位............................................................................873.3

卷材收頭不牢................................................................................883.4

陰陽角及轉角部位未加強............................................................893.5

管根部位卷材粘貼不牢................................................................903.7

卷材防水層積水............................................................................923.8

卷材鋪貼方向錯誤........................................................................933.9

卷材搭接縫未錯開........................................................................944.自粘法鋪貼防水卷材............................................................................954.1

自粘膠底面的隔離紙未撕凈........................................................954.2

接縫口密封不嚴............................................................................965.冷粘法鋪貼防水卷材............................................................................975.1

膠粘劑涂刷不均勻........................................................................976.1

涂膜厚度不足................................................................................996.2

陰陽角及轉角部位未做圓角........................................................996.3

防水層空鼓、開裂......................................................................1007.防水混凝土..........................................................................................1017.1

蜂窩、麻面、孔洞滲漏..............................................................1017.2

混凝土施工縫滲漏水..................................................................1027.3

混凝土裂縫滲漏水......................................................................1037.4

預埋件位置滲漏水......................................................................1047.5

穿墻（板）管洞位置滲漏..........................................................1057.6

高低跨位置滲漏水......................................................................1067.7

行車道位置滲漏水......................................................................1077.8

永久伸縮縫位置滲漏水..............................................................1088.變形縫..................................................................................................1092.9

鋼筋成品保護..............................................................................1293.6

剪刀撐間距過大..........................................................................14748.2

澆筑過程中橡膠止水帶偏移......................................................1108.3

澆筑前未將垃圾清除..................................................................1118.4

地下室連通口沉降橡膠止水帶開裂..........................................1128.5

屋面變形縫處理不當..................................................................1139.成品保護..............................................................................................1149.1

防水保護層施工不及時..............................................................1149.2

不同施工段交接處防水材料保護不到位..................................115三、鋼筋工程.............................................................................................1161.鋼筋加工..............................................................................................1161.1

鋼筋彎鉤長度不夠......................................................................1161.2

直螺紋露絲..................................................................................1171.3

鋼筋焊接......................................................................................1182.鋼筋安裝..............................................................................................1202.1

鋼筋定位......................................................................................1202.2

鋼筋保護層..................................................................................1222.3

鋼筋搭接及錨固..........................................................................1232.4

洞口加強筋..................................................................................1242.5

鋼筋接頭位置..............................................................................1252.6

鋼筋綁扎......................................................................................1262.7

梁二排鋼筋間距..........................................................................1272.8

箍筋間距......................................................................................128四、模板工程.............................................................................................1301.周轉材的管控......................................................................................1301.1

周轉材材質差、尺寸偏差大......................................................1301.2

模板使用過程保護不到位..........................................................1311.3

脫模劑涂刷不到位......................................................................1322.鋁合金模板..........................................................................................1332.1

外墻模板未采用拉片式..............................................................1332.2

滴水線在外墻邊未斷開..............................................................1342.3

企口、滴水線位置的早拆頂托頭未深化..................................1352.4

采用免抹灰未對砌塊厚度做深化..............................................1362.5

鋁模、木模結合部位未考慮拆卸方式......................................1372.6

機電安裝深化不到位..................................................................1382.7

一次預埋無可靠的定位措施......................................................1392.8

脫模劑選用不當..........................................................................1402.9

全鋼爬架支座與鋁模

K

板沖突..................................................1413.木模......................................................................................................1423.1

二次結構設置在不便施工的部位..............................................1423.2

一次預埋未考慮..........................................................................1433.3

一次預埋無可靠的定位措施......................................................1443.4

吊模未考慮采用型材加固..........................................................1453.5

后澆帶未考慮單獨設置..............................................................146五、混凝土工程.........................................................................................1679.成品保護不到位..................................................................................18653.7

邊梁部位未與架體相連..............................................................1483.8

大梁位置立桿數(shù)量、間距未按方案實施..................................1493.9

未對頂板標高進行復核..............................................................1503.10

車庫擋墻外側架體下方場地未硬化........................................1513.11

水平桿數(shù)量不足、掃地桿缺失................................................1523.12

頂托伸出長度過長....................................................................1533.13

老墻螺桿使用不到位................................................................1543.14

涉水部位未使用止水螺桿........................................................1553.15

吊模加固不到位........................................................................1563.16

模板未按要求起拱....................................................................1573.17

模板拼縫不嚴............................................................................1583.18

柱模偏位....................................................................................1593.19

柱模下部漏漿............................................................................1604.大鋼模..................................................................................................1614.1

深化設計不到位，預留孔洞遺漏或偏位..................................1614.2

支撐體系不穩(wěn)固..........................................................................1625.特殊部位支模......................................................................................1635.1

止水鋼板安裝不牢固..................................................................1635.2

筒體無可靠的操作平臺..............................................................1645.3

采光井支模架無卸載層..............................................................1655.4

放線洞等洞口支模隨意..............................................................1661.原材料管控..........................................................................................1671.1

配合比不滿足設計要求..............................................................1671.2

級配比不滿足設計要求............................................................1681.3

外加劑摻量不滿足規(guī)范要求......................................................1691.4

運輸時間過長..............................................................................1701.5

現(xiàn)場擅自加水..............................................................................1712.蜂窩麻面..............................................................................................1723.開裂滲水..............................................................................................1733.1

大體積混凝土開裂......................................................................1733.2

樓板開裂......................................................................................1743.3

地下室外墻開裂..........................................................................1763.4

施工縫、后澆帶開裂..................................................................1774.孔洞......................................................................................................1785.漏筋......................................................................................................1796.夾渣......................................................................................................1807.尺寸偏差..............................................................................................1818.混凝土強度偏差..................................................................................1828.1

早期強度不足..............................................................................1828.2

最終強度不滿足設計要求..........................................................1838.3

不同強度混凝土混澆..................................................................1848.4

冬期施工無溫度控制措施..........................................................1854.1

ALC

板粘結砂漿不合格................................................................2021.2

原材料進場無質保措施..............................................................22269.1

加載過早......................................................................................1869.2

收面措施執(zhí)行不到位..................................................................1879.3

養(yǎng)護不足......................................................................................188六、砌體工程.............................................................................................1891.加氣塊砌體..........................................................................................1891.1

砌筑砂漿強度不合格..................................................................1891.2

砌塊原材不合格..........................................................................1901.3

深化設計不合理..........................................................................1911.4

標高控制錯誤..............................................................................1921.5

填充墻一次砌筑過高..................................................................1931.6

基層清理不徹底、干磚上墻......................................................1941.7

留槎方式不正確..........................................................................1951.8

灰縫控制較差且不均勻一致......................................................1961.9

通縫、假縫..................................................................................1971.10

墻面抹灰裂縫起殼....................................................................1982.多孔磚砌體..........................................................................................1992.1

砌塊裂縫......................................................................................1992.2

墻體滲水......................................................................................2003.空心磚砌體..........................................................................................2013.1

尺寸外形偏差缺陷......................................................................2014.ALC

輕質隔墻.......................................................................................2024.2

ALC

板材料不合格........................................................................2034.3

ALC

板深化設計排版問題............................................................2044.4

ALC

板接茬裂縫............................................................................2054.5

ALC

板預埋件偏位........................................................................2064.6

ALC

板接茬粘結砂漿不密實........................................................2075.構造措施..............................................................................................2105.1

有水房間混凝土擋水坎根部未鑿毛..........................................2105.2

植筋孔偏位或清理不到位..........................................................2115.3

植筋拉拔不符合要求..................................................................2125.4

構、圈梁混凝土澆筑不密實......................................................2135.5

拉結筋未通長設置或設置不合理..............................................2145.6

混凝土壓頂伸入兩側墻體長度不足、坡度不合理..................215

5.7

過梁深入兩側墻體長度不足、過梁下?lián)?.................................216

5.8

門窗兩側實心磚未設置或者高度不合理..................................217

6.機電協(xié)調..............................................................................................2186.1

機電配管開槽時隨意性比較大..................................................218

6.2

機電工序倒置..............................................................................219

6.3

機電修補質量較差......................................................................220七、抹灰工程.............................................................................................2211.普通砂漿..............................................................................................2211.1

抹灰砂漿的強度與設計不符......................................................2211.2

地面空鼓、開裂..........................................................................2405.3

木地板翹彎變形..........................................................................25871.3

砂漿含泥量過高..........................................................................2231.4

抹灰大面空鼓..............................................................................2241.5

線管開槽處空鼓..........................................................................2251.6

門窗洞口處空鼓..........................................................................2261.7

抹灰面開裂..................................................................................2271.8

不同材質基層交界處開裂..........................................................2281.9

機電線管線盒處開裂..................................................................2291.10

抹灰表面不平整、陰陽角不方正、不順直............................2301.11

墻面顏色不一致，修補色差明顯............................................2312.石膏砂漿..............................................................................................2322.1

石膏砂漿強度與設計不符.................................................