全國英語等級考試三級（pets3級）歷年真題試卷(四)

1、全國英語等級考試三級（pets3級）歷年真題試卷(四)材料題（江南博哥）根據下面資料，回答26-30題。Isabel has turned down two job offers in the past year. In 2006, she started her own consulting practice, but by 2008, most of her larger clients had to drop her because of the economy. In 2011,she was undertaking irregular assignments and knew she

2、 needed a steady job. The first job she con-sidered was Director of HR for a company in Utah. After the initial interviews, she felt the job fit her except for the location. Still, she flew west to meet the hiring manager. The hiring manager ex-plained that Isabel was the top candidate for the job b

3、ut that, before she continued with the process,she should better understand the firm´ s culture. She directed Isabel to several videos of the compa-ny´ s CEO, who regularly appeared in front of the company in costume as part of morale building exercises and expected his senior leaders to d

4、o the same. "Even though I was desperate for a job, I knew I couldn´ t do that," Isabel says. She called the recruiter to turn down the job and explained that she didn´ t feel there was a cultural fit.A few months later, she interviewed for another job : a director of employee re

5、lations at a local university. After several interviews, the hiring manager told her the job was hers if she wanted it.The job had many positives: it was a low-stress environment, it offered great benefits, and the university was an employee-friendly place. But the job was relatively junior despite

6、the title and Isa-bel worried it wouldn´ t be challenging enough. Finally, she turned it down. "It would be great to have a paycheck and great benefits but I would definitely have trouble sleeping at night," she says.In both cases, she was frank with the hiring managers about why she

7、wasn´ t taking the jobs."In the past, it felt like dating, I was worried about hurting people´ s feelings," she says. Howev-er, they appreciated her frankness and thanked her for her honesty. She says it was hard to turn down the jobs and it was a risk for her financially but she

8、 felt she had to.26 單選題 In 2011，Isabel_A.did consulting now and thenB.found a job close to her homeC.refused several job interviewsD.ran a successful consulting firm正確答案：A參考解析：參考譯文伊莎貝爾去年拒絕了兩份工作的邀請。2006年，她開始做自己的咨詢公司，但是直到2008年，她的大多數大客戶都由于經濟原因拒絕了她。2011年，當她在做許多不規律的工作時，她開始意識到她需要一份穩定的工作。她考慮做的第一份

9、工作是一家位于猶他州公司的人力資源主管一職。在初試之后，她覺得這份工作很適合她，除了地點以外。不過，她還是飛到西部去見了人事部經理。經理告訴伊莎貝爾，她是這份工作的第一候選人。但是，在她入職之前，最好先了解公司的文化。她給伊莎貝爾播放了一些公司執行總裁的視頻，視頻中執行總裁身著戲服對員工做道德教育，并且希望他的高級主管們也能如此。伊莎貝爾說：“即使我很渴望得到這份工作，但是我知道我做不到這點?！庇谑撬螂娫捊o招聘人員拒絕了這份工作，并解釋了原因，她覺得不能很好地適應該公司的文化。幾個月后，伊莎貝爾又去面試了另一份工作一所當地大學的員工關系主管。在幾輪面試之后，人事部經理通知她，只要她愿意，就可

10、以得到這份工作。這份工作有許多好處：工作壓力小，工作待遇豐厚，并且大學有一個友好的工作環境。但是這個職位除了名稱好聽點其實是一份初級工作，伊莎貝爾擔心它不具挑戰性。最終，她還是拒絕了這份工作。她說：“優厚的薪水和待遇當然是好事，但是我晚上肯定睡不著?！痹谶@兩個例子中，伊莎貝爾對人事經理都如實告知了其拒絕的真實原因。她說：“在那段時間里，我覺得就像是在約會一樣，總是擔心會傷害別人的感情?！比欢?，他們都很欣賞她的坦白并對她的真誠表示感謝。她說，拒絕工作邀請是件很難的事，并且冒著經濟風險，但是她覺得她必須這樣做。【精析】推斷題。從文章第一段第二、三句“In 2006，she started her

11、own consulting practice，but by 2008In 2011，she was under-taking irregular assignments and knew she needed a steady job”可知，伊莎貝爾之前是經營一家顧問公司，后來生意變得不好，她在2011年只能偶爾接些工作，這與A項“偶爾做些咨詢工作”相符，C項是“拒絕了幾次工作面試”，從文中可得知，伊莎貝爾兩份工作都去面試了，但是她拒絕了工作邀請，C不正確。故選A。27 單選題 Isabel turned down the first job offer mainly b

12、ecause of its_A.CEOB.cultureC.locationD.recruiter正確答案：B參考解析：細節題。從文章第一段最后一句“She called the recruiter to turn down the job and explained that she didnt feel there was a cul-tural fit”可知，她拒絕這份工作的原因是企業文化原因，故選B。28 單選題 Isabel was dissatisfied with the second job due to its_A.junior rifleB.low be

13、nefitsC.environmentD.lack of challenge正確答案：D參考解析：細節題。從文章第二段第四句“But the job was relatively junior despite the title and Isabel worded it wouldnt he challenging enough”可知，伊莎貝爾拒絕第二份工作的原因是由于工作缺乏挑戰性，故選D。29 單選題 Isabel believed that her rejection of the jobs was_A.harmfulB.surprisingC.justifiable

14、D.troublesome正確答案：A參考解析：細節題。從文章第三段第二句“In the past，it felt like dating，I was worded about butting peoples feelings”可知，伊莎貝爾覺得就像約會一樣，拒絕別人會傷害別人的感情。harmful“有害的，造成損害的”；surprising“令人驚訝的”；justifiable“可辯解的，有道理的”；troublesome“麻煩的，討厭的”。故選A。30 單選題 According to Isabel，it is important to_A.look for jobs

15、with little stressB.look for jobs with great benefitsC.be truthful in declining job offersD.be cautious in declining job offers正確答案：C參考解析：推斷題。從文章第三段第三句“However，they apprecia-ted her frankness and thanked her for her honesty”可知，雖然伊莎貝爾拒絕了這兩份工作，但是他們都很欣賞她的坦白和真誠。C項“選擇工作時要坦誠”符合題意，故選C。材料題根據下面資料，回答31-35題。Yo

16、u do not usually get something for nothing. Now, a new study reveals that the evolution of an improved learning ability could come at a particularly high price: an earlier death.Past experiments have demonstrated that it is relatively easy through selective breeding to make rats, honey bees and-that

17、 great favourite of researchers-fruit flies a lot better at learning. Ani-mals that are better learners should be competitive and, thus, over time, come to dominate a popu-lation by natural selection. But improved learning ability does not get selected amongst these ani-mals in the wild. No one real

18、ly understands why.Tadeusz Kawecki and his colleagues at the University of Fribourg in Switzerland have meas-ured the effects of improved learning on the lives of fruit flies. The flies were given two different fruits as egg-laying sites. One of these was laced with a bitter additive that could be d

19、etected only on contact. The flies were then given the same fruit but without an additive. Flies that avoided the fruit which had been bitter were deemed to have learned from their experience. Their children were reared and the experiment was run again.After repeating the experiment for 30 generatio

20、ns, the children of the learned flies were com-pared with normal flies. The researchers report in a forthcoming edition of Evolution that although learning ability could be bred into a population of fruit flies, it shortened their lives by 15%. When the researchers compared their learned flies to co

21、lonies selectively bred to live long lives, they found even greater differences. Whereas learned flies had reduced their life spans, the long-lived flies learned less well than even average flies.The authors suggest that evolving an improved learning ability may require a greater investment in the n

22、ervous system which takes resources away from processes that delay ageing. However, Dr.Kawecki thinks the effect could also be a by-product of greater brain activity increasing the produc-tion of Reactive Oxygen Species ( ROS), which can increase oxidation in the body and damage health.No one knows

23、whether the phenomenon holds true for other animals. So, biologists, at least,still have a lot to learn.31 單選題 Past experiments prove selective breeding can make animals better_A.commandersB.competitorsC.survivorsD.learners正確答案：D參考解析：參考譯文人們通常很難不勞而獲。如今，一項新的研究顯示學習能力的進化需付出相當大的代價：減少壽命。以往的實驗證明人

24、們可以很容易地通過選擇性培育提高老鼠、蜜蜂和研究者最愛的果蠅的學習能力。動物中的佼佼者具備更大的競爭力，因此，根據自然選擇的法則在動物群中占支配地位。但是在野生環境中，具備這種能力的動物卻無法占統治地位，沒人理解到底是為什么。瑞士佛里堡大學的塔德烏什奎克和他的同事們對提高果蠅學習能力的效果進行了測試。在兩地產卵處分別給果蠅不同的水果。研究者們給其中一處果蠅抹了苦味添加劑的水果，果蠅只有在接觸時才能察覺。之后又給這些果蠅提供了相同的水果，但沒有添加劑。會避開苦味添加劑水果的果蠅被認為通過經歷提高了學習能力。它們繁殖后代，實驗還在繼續進行。在對30代果蠅做反復的實驗后，將學習能力強的果蠅后代與普通

25、果蠅后代進行對比。研究者們將結果匯報在即將出版的進化論一書中，盡管果蠅成功地將學習能力繁殖到下一代，但是它們的生命卻縮短了15。當研究者們將學習能力強的果蠅與專門培育生命力強的果蠅相比，他們發現了更大的不同。學習能力強的果蠅縮短了它們的生命期限，長命果蠅的學習能力低于普通果蠅。研究者們推測學習能力的進化可能會需要大量神經系統的活動，這樣會加速衰老的過程。然而，奎克教授認為這種影響也可能是大腦活動產生活性氧的副作用，活性氧會增強身體的氧化并損害健康。沒有人知道其他動物是否也會產生同樣的現象。因此，生物學家至少還有很多要去研究學習?！揪觥考毠濐}。從文章第二段第一句“Past experiment

26、s have demonstrated that it is relatively easy through selective breeding to make ratshoney bees andthat great favourite of researchers-fruit flies a lot better at learning”可知，實驗證明選擇性繁殖可以提高動物的學習能力，故選D。32 單選題 In this experiment，scientists observed that_A.some flies avoided the fruit without

27、 an addictiveB.some flies preferred the fruit with an addictiveC.the eggs of the flies were not damagedD.the impact on the flies did not last long正確答案：A參考解析：推斷題。從文章第三段第五句“Flies that avoided the fruit which had been bitter were deemed to have learned from their expe-rience”可知，那些果蠅通過學習能力的提升能夠避開帶有添加劑的水

28、果，由此可以推斷，果蠅已經有經驗，看見同種水果也會避開，所以果蠅也會避開沒有添加劑的同種水果，故選A。33 單選題 The forthcoming report says that_A.long-lived flies are better at laying eggsB.long-lived flies are poorer in learningC.learned flies have a relatively long lifeD.learned flies live as long as average ones正確答案：B參考解析：細節題。從文章第四段最后一句“W

29、hereas learned flies had reduced their life spans，the long-lived flies learned less well than even average flies”可知，長命果蠅的學習能力低于普通果蠅，故選B。34 單選題 According to DrKawecki，greater brain activity_A.reduces oxygen consumptionB.regulates the nervous systemC.speeds up the ageing processD.stabilizes

30、the ageing process正確答案：C參考解析：推斷題。從文章第五段最后一句“However，DrKawecki thinks the effect could also be a by-product of greater brain activity increasing the production of Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS)，which Can increase oxidation in the body and damage health”可知，奎克教授認為這種影響也可能是大腦活動產生活性氧的副作用，活性氧會增強身體的氧化并損害健康。由此

31、可推斷，大量的腦力活動會加速衰老，故選C。35 單選題 We learn from the text that_A.the research findings need to be tested furtherB.biologists are doing similar research on other animalsC.the animal world usually follows the same universal lawsD.biologists are applying their findings to other areas正確答案：A參考解析：推斷題。從

32、文章最后一段“No one knows whether the phenomenon holds true for other animalsso，biologists，at least，still have a lot to learn”可知，生物學家們目前只對果蠅做了實驗，還不知道其他動物是否有同樣效果，他們還要去繼續研究，故選A。材料題根據下面資料，回答36-40題。Richard :I´ ve always viewed tipping as a way of saying "thank you" to the one who serves me. I b

33、e-lieve what is bad is when no tip is left at all. The better the service, the higher the tip. Unless the service is literally perfect, I never tip more than 10% of the bill. Much like the harder teachers in school, I never give an easy "A. " My assessment is honest.Daniel :A tip is a &quo

34、t;thank you," but in truth, a tip is payment for service.20% is a standard tip. Serv-ers deserve it for their hard work. Restaurants will never pay more for labor unless they are forced to do so by new laws. Tips make up about 97% of a server´ s total income. Those tips arc needed for surv

35、ival. So, before servers are paid a living wage, tip 20%.Kate:Why should I pay the difference between what the restaurant is willing to pay the employee and what an acceptable wage is? I do pay 20%, but ! hate it. A friend of mine left Europe for New York City, found a job in a restaurant there and

36、ended up making $ 5,500 a month. Enough above mini-mum wage? How about miners, construction workers, resident doctors, etc? Do they get tipped?Patricia:18 -20% for good service is today´ s standard. The restaurant and its employees are too polite to tell you this or to put it on their menus, bu

37、t that is their expectation and you need to understand that. I believe it is good manners to respect this. To do otherwise is to be openly rude. If you dis-agree, you are wise to eat elsewhere, as you are hurting a hardworking professional.Michael :Tipping has gotten out of control. I always bad tho

38、ught it was 15%, and now suddenly servers have made it 20%. I tip 15%, and that´ s it. If the service is really superior, then I work higher from there. Interesting to be told, "If you can´ t afford to tip 20%, then you should eat at home. "If all those people stayed away, the re

39、staurant would not even be in business.Now match the name of each person (36 -40) to the appropriate statement.Note: there are two extra statements.StatementsA Its rude not to tipBI do tip，though I dont like itCTipping shouldnt be compulsoryDTips are essential to serverssurvivalEIf you dont tip，you

40、are punishing the serverFI think the current tipping standard is too highGMy tip faithfully reflects how good the service is36 單選題 第(36)題選 RichardABCDEFG正確答案：G參考解析：參考譯文理查德：我總是將給小費視為對服務員的感謝。我認為糟糕的情況是口袋里沒有錢可給小費。服務越好，小費就應該越多。除非服務特別好，一般我不會給超過賬單10的小費。就像學校里嚴厲的老師一樣，我從不輕易給A。我的評估是誠實的。丹尼爾：小費是一種感謝，但是

41、事實上，小費是服務的費用。小費的標準是20。服務員的辛勤工作是值得的。餐館不應該再多支付員工費用除非有新的法律出臺。小費占了服務員總收入的97。這些小費是他們的基本生活費用。因此，在服務員有薪水之前，應該付他們20的小費。凱特：為什么我要支付餐館發的員工薪水和可接受薪水之間的差價呢?我確實會付20的小費，但是我討厭這點。我的一個朋友離開歐洲，在紐約的一間餐館工作，每月的收入有5500美金。遠高于最低薪水了吧?那礦工、建筑工人、住院醫師等人呢?他們有小費嗎?帕特麗夏：現在優質服務的小費標準是l8-20。餐廳和它的員工們很有禮貌，不能告訴你這點，也不能把它寫在菜單里。不過，這是他們的期望，你得理解

42、。我認為應該尊重這點。否則就是一種非常粗魯的表現。如果你不同意，你最好去別的地方就餐，因為你會傷害一個努力工作的服務員。邁克：給小費已經失去了控制。我之前認為是15，現在突然提到了20。我只給15的小費，就這樣。如果服務真的很好，我再提高。有人說過很有趣的話“如果你支付不起20的小費，你就應該在家吃飯?！比绻切┤硕疾蝗ゲ宛^吃飯，那么餐館就會關門?！揪觥恐髦碱}。理查德對小費的觀點“The better the service，the higher the tipMy assessment is honest”我對服務越滿意，小費就越高，我的評價是很誠實的，這與G項“我的小費真實地反映了服務質

43、量”觀點相符。故選G。37 單選題 第(37)題選 DanielABCDEFG正確答案：D參考解析：主旨題。丹尼爾對小費的觀點“Those tips are needed for survival”小費對他們的生活是必需的，這與D項“小費是他們生存下去的必需品”觀點相符。故選D。38 單選題 第(38)題選 KateABCDEFG正確答案：B參考解析：主旨題。凱特的觀點“I do pay 20，but I hate it”我雖然會給20小費，但是我討厭這點，這與B項“我會付小費，但我討厭它”觀點一致。故選B。39 單選題 第(39)題

44、 Patricia 選ABCDEFG正確答案：A參考解析：主旨題。帕特麗夏的觀點“To do otherwise is to be openly rude”不付小費是一種粗魯的表現，這與A項“不付小費是粗魯的行為”觀點一致。故選A。40 單選題 第(40)題選 MichaelABCDEFG正確答案：F參考解析：主旨題。邁克的觀點“Tipping has goaen out of controlI always had thought it was 15，and now suddenly servers have made it 20”現在的小費已經失控了，我之前認為是l5，

45、現在突然提到了20。這與F項“我認為現在的小費標準太高了”觀點相符。故選F。材料題根據下面資料，回答41-45題。In 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It´ s difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat.(41)_ Hunger kills more peop

46、le per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria and TB combined.The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world´ s hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world´ s most populous continent. (42)_ Although this region has a much lower popu-lation than Asia, it has the highest

47、percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don´ t have enough to eat.There are many reasons for world hunger. They include wars, droughts, floods, and th

48、e over-use of fanning land. (43)_ Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious p

49、oint that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around.(44)_ In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people g

50、enerally have more than enough food. (45)_ The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.AThe basic problem seems to be not a lack of food，but its distributionBMore than a quarter are in sub-Sahara

51、n AfricaCAll these factors affect food productionDIt takes the effort of every country to fight against world hungerEIn those places，obesity is a far bigger problem than hungerFThose places need far more food than they actually getGBy the end of this year，more than 35 million people will have died a

52、s a result of not having enough to eat41 單選題 第(41)題選查看材料ABCDEFG正確答案：G參考解析：參考譯文。2009年，世界饑餓人口數字首次達到10億。平均七個人中就有一人沒有足夠的食物，這點十分令人震驚。(41)到今年年底，會有超過3500萬的人由于饑餓而死亡。每年由于饑餓死亡的人數要多于艾滋、瘧疾、結核病。聯合國預估世界三分之二的饑餓人口在世界人口最多的亞洲。(42)世界四分之一的饑餓人口位于撒哈拉以南的非洲地區。盡管此地區的人口遠遠低于亞洲，但它的饑餓人口比例最高。其他剩余的饑餓人口分布在拉丁美洲、北非和加勒比海地區。

53、在世界經濟發達地區，只有極少數人有溫飽問題。世界饑餓問題的原因有很多，包括戰爭、干旱、洪水以及對耕地的過度使用。(43)所有這些因素影響食物生產。許多人責怪貪婪的商人，認為他們提高了全球市場的基本食物價格。但是，最重要的原因僅僅是因為貧窮，由于2008年的金融危機使得貧困加劇。盡管許多人明確地指出如果全球人口變少會緩解饑餓問題，很少有人認為是沒有足夠的食物供分配。(44)根本問題不是食物缺乏而是分配不均。在過去的50年里，全球食物生產的速度要快于人口增長的速度。世界上有很多地區人們的食物供給遠超出基本水平。(45)這些地區人們的肥胖問題遠大于饑餓問題。因此，世界饑餓問題的答案應該是全球均衡的食

54、物分配。每個人都要有足夠的食物，而不是過量的食物?！揪觥壳拔奶岬绞澜琊囸I問題，然后列舉了一些數字為例，綜觀所有選項，G項“By the end of this year，more than 35 million peo-pie will have died as a result of not having enough to eat”到今年底，會有超過3500萬的人由于饑餓麗死亡，可承接上下文，語意順暢，故選G。42 單選題 第(42)題選查看材料ABCDEFG正確答案：B參考解析：前文提到饑餓人口最多的地區是亞洲，后面又說此地區人口遠低于亞洲，說明空白處列舉了另一個地

55、區。B項“More than a quarter are in sub-Saharan Africa”世界四分之一饑餓人口位于撒哈拉以南的非洲地區，此句可承接上下文，故選B。43 單選題 第(43)題選查看材料ABCDEFG正確答案：C參考解析：根據前文提到的戰爭、干旱等問題，后面應說這些問題的影響。C項“All these factors affect food production”所有這些因素影響食物生產，此句能承接上文，符合題意，故選C。44 單選題 第(44)題選查看材料ABCDEFG正確答案：A參考解析：根據下文內容，食物生產和供給是能滿足全

56、球人口的，但是由于分配問題導致部分地區食物供應不足，所以此處應指明問題。A項“The basic problem seems tO be not a lack of food，but its distribution”根本問題不是食物缺乏而是分配不均，此句能承接上下文，符合題意，故選A。45 單選題 第(45)題選ABCDEFG正確答案：E參考解析：根據前文，在一些發達地區，食物供應遠超過人們的需求，此處應具體說明此地區人們的問題。E項“In those places，obesityis a far bigger problem than hunger”這些地區人們的肥胖問

57、題遠大于饑餓問題，此句能承接上文，符合題意，故選E。材料題根據下面資料，回答46-55題。I can´ t believe the kind of rubbish that some people call art. Yesterday, my girlfriend dragged me to a modem art (46)_ to see an exhibition she .had read about in the paper. It was five or six so-called installations made of bits of plastic, wood and paper that (47)_ just to have been thrown on the floor. It was a mess, basically-just like the floor in my sister´ s house when my two-year-old nephew´ s left all his toys out, but less (48)_ Come to think of it,(49)_ you had given those bits of plastic, wood and paper to my