高中定語從句詳細(xì)講解及練習(xí)題.ppt

1、2021/8/612021/8/62（一）定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語（一）定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語1.定語從句：定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。飾的先行詞之后。2021/8/632.先行詞：先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3.關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系詞： 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。2021/8/64關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞有關(guān)系代詞有: that, which, who, whom, whose,as等等關(guān)系副詞有關(guān)系副詞

2、有: when, where, why2021/8/65關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個作用：關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個作用：A.引導(dǎo)定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句； B.代替先行詞代替先行詞； C.在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.2021/8/66（二）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句（二）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.who 指人，在定語從句中作主語。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.Those who want to g

3、o to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 2021/8/67Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.That is the teacher who teaches us physics.2021/8/682. whom 指人，在定語從句中指人，在定語從句中做賓語，?？墒÷浴Ｗ鲑e語，常可省略。Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on thebus. Li Ming is just the

4、boy ( whom ) I want to see.2021/8/69The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come.The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor.2021/8/610注意：注意：關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 whom 在口語在口語或非正式文體中?？捎没蚍钦轿捏w中常可用 who 來代替，也可省略。來代替，也可省略。The man ( whom / who ) you met just now is my oldfriend.2021/8/6113. which

5、 指物，在定語從句中指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時?？勺鲋髡Z或賓語，做賓語時常可省略。省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys.The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 2021/8/612He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.The house which is by the lake looks nice. This is the pen ( which ) he bo

6、ught yesterday.The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 2021/8/6134that 指人時，相當(dāng)于指人時，相當(dāng)于 who 或或 whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于指物時，相當(dāng)于which。在定語從句中作主語。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時?？墒÷曰蛸e語，作賓語時?？墒÷浴he number of people that / who come to visit this city eachyear reaches one million.2021/8/614Where is

7、 the man that / whom I saw this morning?The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.The season that / which comes after spring is summer.2021/8/615Yesterday I received a letter that / which came fromAustralia. 2021/8/6165. whose 通常指人，也可指物，通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。在定語從句中做定語。I visited a scienti

8、st whose name is known all over thecountry. He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 2021/8/617I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.注意注意：指物時，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)指物時，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：來代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired

9、.2021/8/618Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?2021/8/619（三）（三）“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”引引導(dǎo)的定語從句導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由賓語時，從句常常由“介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”引出。引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.2021/8/620The school in

10、which he once studied is very famous.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you asked. 2021/8/621This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis withyesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.Well go to

11、hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.2021/8/622Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 2021/8/623The manager whose company I work in pays much attention toimproving our working conditions.The manager in whose company I work pays much attent

12、ion toimproving our working conditions.2021/8/624注意注意：1.含有介詞的短語動詞一般不含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。后面。如：如：look for, look after, take care of 等。等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. 2021/8/625This is the watch for which I am looking . The babies after whom the nurse is lookin

13、g are very healthy. The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after arevery healthy. 2021/8/626.若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時只可用系代詞指人時只可用whom，不不可用可用who, that；關(guān)系代詞指物關(guān)系代詞指物時只可用時只可用which，不可用不可用that。關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. 2021/8/627The

14、 man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour.The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.2021/8/628.“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”前還可前還可有有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each , few等代詞或者數(shù)詞等代詞或者數(shù)詞。 He loves his pa

15、rents deeply, both of whom are very kind tohim. 2021/8/629In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom arefrom big cities. 2021/8/630Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which areabout country life. 2021

16、/8/631（四）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句（四）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.when 指時間，在定語從句中指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。作時間狀語。I still remember the day when I first came to this school.The time when we got together finally arrived.2021/8/632October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. Do you remember the years when he liv

17、ed in the countryside with his grandparents.2021/8/6332. where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。中作地點(diǎn)狀語。Shanghai is the city where I was born. I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised .The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.2021/8/634Is this the place where they fought the enemy

18、? 3.why 指原因，在定語從句中指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。作原因狀語。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.2021/8/635I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句經(jīng)?？梢杂镁浣?jīng)?？梢杂谩敖樵~介詞+ +關(guān)系代關(guān)系代詞詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句來表示。引導(dǎo)的定語從句來表示。 From the years when / i

19、n which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 2021/8/636（五）限制性定語從句和非限（五）限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句制性定語從句A.限制性定語從句形式上不用逗號“，”與主句隔開。用逗號“，”與主句隔開。意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整。2021/8/637B.非限制性定語從句只是對先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。譯法上譯成先行詞的定語“的” 通常譯成主句的并列句。2

20、021/8/638關(guān)系詞的使用上A作賓語時可省略B不可省略A可用that B不用thatA可用who 代替 whom B不可用who 代替 whom2021/8/639Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live.The reason why / for which he refused the invitation isquite clear. 2021/8/640The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I coulddepend

21、on. China is a country which has a long history. In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.限制性定語從句舉例：2021/8/641非限制性定語從句舉例非限制性定語從句舉例 ：His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 2021/8/642Last summer I visited the P

22、eoples Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year.2021/8/643注意區(qū)分下列幾組句子的不同注意區(qū)分下列幾組句子的不同含義：含義：1. Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her togo to college.她那當(dāng)兵的哥哥總是鼓勵她上大學(xué).（意含：她還有其他哥哥。）2021/8/644Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages herto go to college.

23、她哥哥是當(dāng)兵的，他總是鼓勵她上大學(xué)。（意含： 她只有一個哥哥。）2021/8/6452. All the books that have pictures in them are well written.所有里面帶插圖的書都寫得很好。（意含： 不帶插圖的書則不一定寫得好。）2021/8/646All the books, which have pictures in them, are well written.所有的書都帶插圖，這些書都寫得很好。（意含： 沒有不帶插圖的書。）2021/8/647（一）限制性定語從句中只能（一）限制性定語從句中只能用用that 引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況引導(dǎo)定語從句

24、的情況1.當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是everything, anything, nothing (something 除除外外), all, none, few, little, some等等代詞時，或當(dāng)先行詞受代詞時，或當(dāng)先行詞受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代詞修飾時。等代詞修飾時。 2021/8/648Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in theworld. All t

25、hat can be done has been done. 2021/8/649There is little that I can do for you. He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 2021/8/650Any man that / who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.注意注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞也可用關(guān)系代詞who， All the guests that / who were in

26、vited to her wedding wereimportant people. Any man that / who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.2021/8/6512.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.2021/8/6523.3.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。修飾時。This is the best film that I have ever seen. 2021/8/6534當(dāng)先行詞被 the ver

27、y, the only 修飾時。This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thingthat he owns.2021/8/654注意注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時，通常用關(guān)系代詞 who。Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend themeeting. 2021/8/6555.當(dāng)先行詞前面有當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which 等疑問代詞時等疑問代詞時。 Who is th

28、e man that is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 2021/8/6566.6.當(dāng)先行詞為人與動物或人與當(dāng)先行詞為人與動物或人與物時。物時。 They talked about the persons and things that theyremembered at school Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up thestreet. 2021/8/657（二）關(guān)系代詞（二）關(guān)系代詞as和和which 引引導(dǎo)的定語從句導(dǎo)的定語

29、從句as 和和which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，句時， 其用法有相同之處，也其用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。具體情況是有不同之處。具體情況是 1. as 和和which都可以在定語從句都可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語，代表前面整中做主語或賓語，代表前面整個句子。個句子。 2021/8/658He married her, as / which was natural. He is honest, as / which we can see. 2021/8/6592. as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至

30、還可以分割主句。甚至還可以分割主句。 which引引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只可放導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只可放在主句之后。另外，在主句之后。另外，as 常常有常常有“正如、正像正如、正像”的含義。的含義。As is known to all, China is a developing country.2021/8/660He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.John, as you know, is a famous writer. Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times,

31、which I dont believe. 2021/8/661注意：注意：當(dāng)主句和從句之間存當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，關(guān)系詞往往只用關(guān)系詞往往只用which。如：。如：Tom was late for school again and again, which made histeacher very angry.These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.2021/8/6623.當(dāng)先行詞受當(dāng)先行詞受such, the same 修飾修飾時，關(guān)系詞常用時，關(guān)系詞常用as。Ive

32、never heard such stories as he tells. He is not such a fool as he looks. This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.2021/8/663注意注意：當(dāng)先行詞受當(dāng)先行詞受the same 修修飾時，偶爾也用飾時，偶爾也用 that引導(dǎo)定語引導(dǎo)定語從句，但與從句，但與as引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思有區(qū)別。意思有區(qū)別。 She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.She wore the same dres

33、s as her younger sister wore.2021/8/664( (三三) ) 以以the way為先行詞的限為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常由制性定語從句通常由in which或或that引導(dǎo)，而且通常可以省引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷?。略。 The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions wassurprising. 2021/8/665I dont like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her.（四）關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的（四）關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇選擇用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞

34、引導(dǎo)用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句主要看關(guān)系詞在定語定語從句主要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的作用（即所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某蓮木渲械淖饔茫此鶕?dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑┓郑?2021/8/666A. I know a place where we can have a picnic.I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. Compare :2021/8/667B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. I will never

35、 forget the days that / which we spenttogether. 2021/8/668C. This is the reason why he was dismissed.This is the reason that / which he explained to me forhis not attending the meeting.2021/8/669（五）（五）but 有時也用作關(guān)系詞有時也用作關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。引導(dǎo)定語從句。 There are very few but admire his talents. （but = who dont） 2021

36、/8/670（六）定語從句與同位語從句（六）定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別的區(qū)別1 1定語從句修飾限定先行詞，定語從句修飾限定先行詞，它與先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位它與先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，它與先行詞是同位關(guān)系。它與先行詞是同位關(guān)系。The plane that has just taken off is for Paris. 2021/8/671The fact that he has already died is quite clear. 2021/8/6722 2定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在從句系副詞引

37、導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)相應(yīng)的句子成分，關(guān)中擔(dān)當(dāng)相應(yīng)的句子成分，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時經(jīng)系代詞在從句中作賓語時經(jīng)常可省略。?？墒÷?。2021/8/673同位語從句主要由連詞同位語從句主要由連詞that引導(dǎo)，在從句中一般不擔(dān)當(dāng)引導(dǎo)，在從句中一般不擔(dān)當(dāng)成分；有時也由成分；有時也由where, when, how, who, whether, what等連等連詞引導(dǎo)，這些連詞則在從句詞引導(dǎo)，這些連詞則在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。2021/8/674The news that he told me is true. The news that he has just died is true. Th

38、e problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. 2021/8/675The question that he raised puzzled all of us. The question whether he is sure to win the game is hardto answer. 2021/8/6763同位語從句與先行詞一般可同位語從句與先行詞一般可以用動詞

39、以用動詞 be 發(fā)展成一個完整的發(fā)展成一個完整的句子句子, 而定語從句則不能。而定語從句則不能。 A. The idea that he we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.2021/8/677B. The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all. The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.2021

40、/8/678C. Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals. The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.2021/8/6791. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course, _ made the others unhappy.A. which B. who C. thisD. what2021/8/6802. After living in Paris

41、 for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. when C. that D. where2021/8/6813. The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom2021/8/6824. Please take any seat _ is free.A. which B. where C. in which D. that20

42、21/8/6835. The old man has two sons, _ is a soldier.A. one of whom B. both of them C. all of whom D. none of them2021/8/6846. This is the ship _ we crossed the Pacific(太平洋太平洋).A. by which B. by that C. where D. in which2021/8/6857. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers(摩天大樓摩天大樓)_ has more than 100

43、 storeys.A. the higher of them B. the highest of whichC. the highest of them D. some of which2021/8/6868. My home village is no longer the same _ it used to be.A. which B. as C. where D. when2021/8/6879. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _ many people have gone home.A. w

44、hose time B. that C. at which D. by which time2021/8/68810. The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.A. who B. whose C. thatD. which2021/8/68911. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it2021/8/69012. Mr. Wang is a boss,